goat

traditional portuguese music

traditional portuguese music

sentimento ao mesmo tempo de tristeza, melancolia, e um misto de alegria perdida no tempo.

traditional portuguese music

the building's been gutted

sör fogyasztására alkalmas üveg edény, pohár

hvis du ikke gjør noe, gjør du ikke noe feil.

board fixed to front of desk to hide legs and feet from view

stay up all night studying, usually to prepare for an exam

serve a controllare le funzioni della televisione

tavolo dell'insegnante

Directly translates to the NTNU slang Fruit Card. The offer is officially known as Fruit Subscription, which in Norwegian is "frukt abonnement". A fruit subscription you can purchase at SiT Kiosks at Gløshaugen and Dragvoll at NTNU.  This is a step towards securing good health among students, making it easy to eat your daily fruit.  A per-month subscription costs 50 Norwegian Kroners and runs from the first of every month. This gives you one fruit from the kiosk from Monday to Friday.   Alternatively you can purchase a subscription for the whole semester, which costs 250 Norwegian Kroners. So how does it work? Bring along your fruit card to the kiosks and present it at the counter and you will receive your choice of fruit, usually a choice between bananas, oranges, apples, pears and clementines.  Fun fact: When they offer mandarins you are usually allowed to take three clementines instead of one, as is the rule with other fruits. 

Post-its, or sticky notes, are small notes with adhesive on the back. This allows them to be attached, removed and reattached to surfaces without problems. If placed on a wall, for example in a war room, the information on a post-it note is available for everyone in the group, which makes these small notes an efficient way to physically share small bits of information. Post-it notes can also be used in brainstorming, post mortem analyses, or for organizing information.

is the use of game design techniques, game thinking and game mechanics to enhance non game contexts. Gamification is often used for motivating users to do so something. In contrast to gamification, games are played voluntarly. Games have rules, goales and a feedback system. Gamifications miss at least of these components. E.g. the famouse likebutton is a gamification. Anotherway to describe a gamification is that it contains non-game related contents as significant part of the product. Games are fun. Gamifications are the approach to make something more fun, so people like it and use it more often. Typical gamification elements are highscores, experience points, progess bars, virtual goods (e.g. gold) and achievments. By motivating users you could improve dataquality, time of use, learning success and customer tie. Reference: NTNU Cooperation Technology Course - games Lecture slides. "Gamification towards sustainable mobile applications" (2011)Kasirun,Y.M., Chun Kiat Gan http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameification

Appropriation is the process where people adopt and adapt technologies to let them fit into their working practices. It is similar to customisation, but concerns the adoption patterns of technology and the transformation of practice at a deeper level[1]. Appropriation could also mean that a tool is used in a different way than it was normally meant to be used. In this way, new functionalities could be addressed to certain tools. For research purposes, it is interesting to see how certain tools are appropriated in the working environment, and how tools could support collaboration. Another word often used for appropriation is tailorability. [1] Dourish, P.: The appropriation of interactive technologies: Some lessons from placeless documents. Computer Supported CooperativeWork (2003)

Awareness is defined as an "understanding of the activities of others, which provides a context for your own activity". Without awareness a group member cannot build his sense of a group and the human-human paradigm will remain mainly on the intentional level[1]. The term awareness in CSCW can be subdivided into more specific, overlapping definitions. Some of these more specific definitions are: Presence awareness, workspace awareness, group awareness and situation awareness. Presence awareness can be defined as the knowledge that other people are present in the same environment whereas action awareness is the awareness of the things that these people are doing. This is then again also related to workspace awareness, which refers to the knowledge of each others activities in a (shared) workspace.[2] Group and situation awareness are tightly linked to workspace awareness. Situation awareness is the awareness one might have over a current situation he is in. This could be work related, but could also be used in other settings. [1] ( Sohlenkamp, M. & Chwelos, G. “Integrating Communication, Cooperation, and Awareness: The DIVA Virtual Office Environment”, In Proceedings of CSCW '94, ACM Press, Chapel Hill, USA, 1994, pp. 331-343.) [2]Gutwin, C. and S. Greenberg (1996): Workspace Awareness for Groupware. Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vancouver, pp. 208–209.

thanks for the feedback, I tried to use titles to structure the text but on the website of lingobee the "new line characters" are ignored.moreover I have a bug on the application that limit the maximum number of character that I can see. I gave a feedback to the developer. finally lingobee doesn't provide some styling option like "bold" so is quite hard to make an entry readable

Definition Revision control systems (AKA version control systems) are tools for the management of changes to documents, computer programs, web sites, and other collections of digital informations. This tools allows groups of people work together on the same documents because they keep track of the changings creating different versions, managing conflicts and helping workers in other advanced ways. Examples Two famous VCS are Git and Subversion[1]. They both help software developers to maintain the progression of the coding, easily divide the work among people and working from different locations. Those tools provides also a secure backup as the data are usually stored in a central server accessed by multiple clients. Thus, the developers can focus on the coding/editing without worry about data loss or corruption. How they work Those systems could work in different ways. Basically, the files are stored in a shared repository. The simplest method of preventing concurrent access problems involves locking files so that only one developer at a time has write access to the central repository copies of those files. Another option could be the version merging. Most version control systems allow multiple developers to edit the same file at the same time. Merging two files can be a very delicate operation, and usually possible only if the data structure is simple, as in text files. In the future The emerging trend of these years about VCS, concerns the Distributed VCS as for example Git. Those tools takes a peer-to-peer approach to version control, as opposed to the client-server approach of centralized systems and they allows faster operations. Awareness and Coordination on VCS This tools lack of mutual awareness. They are build for assure concurrent editing, so there is no real-time control of the activity of the co-workers. Is come cases, e.g. with complex projects, awareness could be an important element for speed up the collaboration process and increase the goodness of a product. Daniel Machado & others

Merriam-Webster Encyclopaedia defines virtual reality as "an artificial environment which is experienced through sensory stimuli (as sights and sounds) provided by a computer and in which one's actions partially determine what happens in the environment". Virtual reality is mostly thought of as a term describing computer simulated environments, be it renditions of real world locations or that of imaginary worlds, often highly visual and in 3D. Users can experience physical presence in such worlds and interact with them and other users in them through the use of computerized gear, aiding them to see, hear, talk, move around, touch and in some cases even taste and smell. Indeed, the making of references to technological equipment is common in most popular definitions of the term. Besides the word computer, one will often find mentioned the use of wired gloves, other pieces of wired clothing, headphones, position trackers and head-mounted stereoscopic displays (expressed less scientifically as "video goggles"). Check out this video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRr2Q6jFu9w (click the link button on the right side of this page) to see an example of what the use of such equipment can look like. [continued in part 2]

There is a wide range of uses that virtual reality can be applied to - anything from aiding doctors doing surgery, teaching pilots to fly aircraft safely or helping architects design buildings to allowing friends to have a sword fight with each other in a game. It can take us to places we wouldn't be able to get to in the real world, and allow us to experience things that are normally inaccessible or impossible. Here's a video explaining how virtual reality can be used in the treatment of anxiety: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ppm2lhpkXs (click the link button on the right side of this page) Not all computer scientists will agree to a definition of virtual reality by linking it so closely to the use of technological equipment. In his article "Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence", Jonathan Steuer argues the need to form a more theoretically useful concept of virtual reality by defining it as a particular experience rather than a collection of hardware. He applies the definition "a real or simulated environment in which a perceiver experiences telepresence", in which telepresence is described as "the experience of presence in an environment by means of a communication medium". References: [1] Wexelblat, A (1995) "The Reality of Cooperation: Virtual Reality and CSCW" in "Virtual Reality - Applications and Explorations", Academic Press (1995), ed. by Alan Wexelblat, pp. 23-44 [ http://edumatica.ing.ula.ve/teleclases/tecnomatica/Animatica/Teleclase/Formacion/Virtualia/Virtual.Reality.-.Applications.And.Explorations.pdf#page=40 ] [2] Steuer, J (1993) "Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence" [ http://ww.cybertherapy.info/pages/telepresence.pdf ] [3] Strickland, J., "How Virtual Reality Works" [ http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/other-gadgets/virtual-reality.htm ]

Groupware, often used as a synonym for CSCW, has received an enormous amount of press in recent years, as the advantages of using computers as support for business processes and workflow has been realized. Groupware generally supports interaction carried out by a group of individuals with computer support. Groupware refers to programs that help people work together collectively while located remotely from each other. Groupware services can include the sharing of calendars, collective writing, e-mail handling, shared database access, electronic meetings with each person able to see and display information to others, and other activities. Groupware is often broken down into categories describing whether or not work group members collaborate in real time (synchronous groupware and asynchronous groupware). Programs that enable real time collaboration are called synchronous groupware. Some product examples of groupware include Lotus Notes and Microsoft Exchange, both of which facilitate calendar sharing, e-mail handling, and the replication of files across a distributed system so that all users can view the same information. Electronic "face-to-face" meetings are facilitated by CU-SeeMe and Microsoft NetMeeting. Source: http://searchdomino.techtarget.com/definition/groupware

Communication comes from the latin word communis, which means to share. More specifically communication involves sharing of information between at least two parties. This information can be anything; ideas, feelings, messages, facts, opinions, insight, anything. Communication can be divided into formal and informal communication. In formal communication the language is kept strict, resulting in no slang, and the trivial is kept to a minimum. Hierarchy plays a crucial part in formal communication. Therefore there is often a procedure, a set of norms or rules, for each type of formal communication that describes who to communicate with (i.e where in the hierarchy)  and how to communicate with them.It is often in writing and typical communication channels are formal letters and emails, journals, policies, official meetings and reports. Informal communication is characterized by the participants communicating in an interactive way in a looser language, often oral, that it is unscheduled with non fixed participants. It often has an unarranged agenda and is rich in content. Informal communication can travel through any communication channel that is not a formal one. It can be very efficient, due to the communication skipping all formalities. However informal communication is rarely used up or down through hierarchies, and it can also cause uncertainties in responsibility. References: [1] Dr. R Jayasree, Effective Communication, Institute of Management in Government, Available:  http://www.img.kerala.gov.in/docs/downloads/communication.pdf [2] Understand The Difference Between Formal and Informal Communication, Available: http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/2009/05/understand-the-difference-between-formal-and-informal-communication/ [3] Robert E. Kraut, Robert S. Fish, Robert W. Root, and Barbara L. Chalfonte (1990), Informal Communication in Organizations: Form, Function, and Technology, Available:  http://kraut.hciresearch.org/sites/kraut.hciresearch.org/files/articles/Kraut89-InformalCommunicationInOrganizations.p

Simply speaking, awareness is ‘knowing what’s going on’ (Endsley, 1995). The term awareness came to be when researchers discovered an interesting aspect of human collaboration. Actors seemed to be monitoring their collaborative surroundings, and worked in a way that did not disturb their colleagues (Harper, Hughes, & Shapiro, The Functionality of Flight Strips in ATC Work. The report for the Civil Aviation Authoroty, 1998), (Harper, Hughes, & Shapiro, Working in harmony: An examination of computer technology in air traffic control , 1989), (Heath & Luff, 1991). That meant not asking questions, reminding or suggesting thoughts to their colleagues unless they perceived them to be available, while they themselves made sure to display signs of availability to other actors when that was the case. Because of these observations, awareness was considered to be the situation where actors take heed of the context of their joint effort (Schmidt, 2002). Within co-located collaboration, awareness is mostly unproblematic. In distributed settings however, getting the right signals at the right time, and interpreting them correctly, can be a much harder task (Divitini, 2012). In a physical environment actors can easily understand what is going on around them. The problem in distributed CSCW is how to incorporate this awareness in a digital cooperative setting. One of the challenges in this area is the limited possibilities for gathering and presenting audio or visual clues in a sensible way in a digital environment (Divitini, 2012). In the CSCW context, awareness is often associated with different types of workspaces (Heath, Svensson, Hindmarsh, Luff, & vom Lehn, 2002). These workspaces, often exemplified with physical rooms or collaborative settings, are used as a guide when developing media spaces that facilitates awareness.   References Endsley, M. R. (1995). Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems. Human Factors , 32-64. Divitini, M. (2012, September 9). Awareness. Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Harpe

Synchronous communication occurs in real-time, and engage users to communicate instantly (Ashley, 2003). When it comes to CSCW, synchronous communication can happen when participants are in the same geographical place or at different places as long as the users collaborate at the same time (Baecker, 1995). Asynchronous communication on the other hand, does not require that participants are communicating at the same time. When doing CSCW, users can also be at the same place or at different places. Asynchronous collaboration tools support communication and collaboration when group participants collaborate at different time, and they are also typically geographically dispersed (Baecker, 1995). Related to CSCW, synchronous communication tools can be digital whiteboards or projectors when group members are at the same place, and videoconferencing or instant messaging when members are geographically dispersed (Wikipedia, 2012). Asynchronous tools can be large displays when group members are at the same place, while email or blogs are examples of tools when users are not at the same place. References: Ashley, J. (2003, December 1). Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication Tools. Retrieved November 4, 2012, from ASAE: The center for association leadership: http://www.asaecenter.org/Resources/articledetail.cfm?itemnumber=13572 Baecker, R. (1995). Readings in human-computer interaction: toward the year 2000. N/A: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Wikipedia. (2012, October 2012). Computer-supported cooperative work. Retrieved Novemner 2012, 2012, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-supported_cooperative_work

Character digital representations of users inside a collaborative virtual environment (CVE) are normally called avatars, and in most cases these are human or human-like figures. In CVE, the importance of making the avatars human or human-like is severe to avoid confusion of the collaborative environment from a game. The possibility to express oneself emotionally through an avatar is also an aspect that should be taken into consideration.  According to Picard, experiencing other peoples’ emotions influences decisions and therefore this is important in problem solving and cognition [1].  In addition, emotions can bring motivation and encouragement to others, and are therefore important in learning and collaborative environments. Lastly, emotionally expressive avatars, such as human-like avatars, have the ability to bring out a feeling of empathy from the user, making it possible to get a more accurate understanding of the other avatars, facilitating distributed collaboration as it becomes more like it is in real-life.  Casanueva and Blake [2] investigated the correlation between avatars and co-presence in collaborative virtual environments. By using a questionnaire they measured the effects that avatars have on co-presence.  They define co-presence as “the feeling that other participants in the virtual environment actually exist and are really present in the environment, and the feeling that one is interacting with real people”.  They found out that the more realistic the avatars are the more co-presence was created, supporting the use of human-like avatars.  In addition, when having gestures and facial expressions, the co-presence was even higher.  This shows that avatars, specifically human-like avatars, can have a positive effect on online collaboration by enhancing co-presence,  which makes cooperation easier.   Due to recent technology advancements, CVEs where users can interact and collaborate via avatars in 3D worlds have become more and more common in home and professional usage the latter years. Customiza

The term socio-technical describes the fit “between the technical subsystem and the social subsystem which together make up an organization” (Eric Trist and Hugh Murray, 2005). It was introduced by researchers at the Tavistock Institute in London already in the 1950s, which had a need to describe this relation. Sociotechnical theory is therefore concerned around joint optimization, with a shared emphasis on achievement of both excellence in technical performance and quality in people's work lives. The technical subsystem includes any technical tool or aspect changing inputs into products that contributes to empowering the economic performance of the organization. The social subsystem involves all workers, including their knowledge, skills and the values they bring with them into the work situation. The socio-technical approach thus designs a process that would join the subsystems optimally. To have maximum performance, an organization needs to recognize the interdependency between these two subsystems. The conflicting ideas to this approach are the focus on either humanistic or managerial principles. (Land, 200) The former focuses on job satisfaction related to the socio-technical approach, which will result in better productivity and value added to the organization. The latter states that a socio-technical approach is merely to obtain economical goals. A socio-technical approach is highly relevant when using CSCW, as it combines the computer- and technical side with cooperation which can be handled humanistic. CSCW projects are only successful if they yield this “socio-technical” approach (Kunau, 2006). With computer based collaborative tools the social factor will always come into play, and should therefore always be considered. Examples are work patterns, presence, coordination and such.(Divitini, 2012)  It is therefore important to emphasize the socio-technical aspect when working with CSCW, so that the tools can be tailored to the people using it. Refrences: Eric Trist and Hugh Murray, A. C.

Ambiguity can be defined as the following: “Ambiguity of information, in words, pictures, or other media, is the ability to express more than one interpretation. It is generally contrasted with vagueness, in that specific and distinct interpretations are permitted (although some may not be immediately apparent), whereas with information that is vague, it is difficult to form any interpretation at the desired level of specificity.” Ambiguity is in other words a way of exploiting the value of different interpretations and perceptions. The relevance of the term ambiguity in the concept of cooperation technology is stated by Stacey and Eckert. “[...]the idea that ambiguous communication facilitates cooperative designing is now widely accepted and regarded as a consensus view, at least among architects and sociologically-oriented researchers in the field of computer supported cooperative work.” (Eckert & Stacey, 2003) The ability to support communication in collaborative work from different perspectives is a central part in this field, and this is where ambiguity finds its role. In cooperation technology, impressions and input, in all its forms, will come from different cultures, locations, senses and dimensions. It is crucial to express the ambiguity of these in a reasonable and righteous way. Exploiting the value of ambiguity will contribute to the most efficient use of the data and interpretations provided, regarding computer supported collaborative work. References: Wikipedia. (2012, October 14th). Ambiguity. Retrieved November 5th, 2012, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity Eckert, C. & Stacey M. Against Ambiguity. Computer Supported Cooperative Work 12: 153–183, 2003.

Dictionary.com defines tailorability as "capable of being adapted to a given purpose or function". Tailorability of a system makes it possible to customize it. In CSCW, tailorability is something that is encountered a lot as cooperative work is so dynamic and diverse that customization is necessary (Stiemerling, 1999). The reason why tailorability is advantageous is that when using a system for cooperative work you can adapt the system to the groups’ preferences by making changes to the features so that they fit well with the groups’ needs. This facilitates cooperation.  There are different kinds of tailorability of a system, ranging from users performing basic customizations and programmers creating advanced customizations.  Component-based tailorability is common in CSCW.  An example of component-based tailorability with a  CSCW application are tailored distributed coordination tools such as shared To do lists.  This needs to be tailorable for example after  what types of groups use it, whether they have hierarchical or flat structures.  Distributed Component-Based Tailorability for CSCW Applications includes more about the technical aspects of component-based tailorability in this example (Stiemerling, 1999).Other interesting research about tailorability within CSCW are Stiemerling´s (2000) dissertation about component-based tailorability and Teege (2000) article about user tailorability.  References:  Stiemerling, O. (1999) “Distributed component-based tailorability for CSCW applications”, in Hinken, R. and Cremers, A.B. (eds) Autonomous Decentralized Systems, Integration of Heterogeneous Systems. Proceedings, IEEE Conference Publications, pp.345 – 352. Stiemerling, O. (2000) Component-Based Tailorability (2000), Dr. rer. Nat, University of Bonn Teege, G. (2000). “Users as Composers: Parts and Features as a Basis for Tailorability in CSCW Systems”, Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), 9 (1), pp.101-122.

Powell, Picolli & Ives (2004) defines virtual teams to be: “groups of geographically, organizationally and/or time dispersed workers brought together by information and telecommunication technologies to accomplish one or more organizational tasks”. Members of virtual teams communicate electronically and may never meet face-to-face. There is almost an unlimited range of tools a virtual team can utilize. For example Google Docs can be used for text editing, while Second Life, a tool where all members create an avatar, can be used to create a more real-life environment for discussions, meetings etc. Due to improvements in communication technology virtual teams are becoming more and more popular in organizations (Ebrahim, Ahmed, & Taha, 2009). One reason for this is that virtual teams allow companies to put together the best team without taking geography etc. into consideration (Wikipedia, 2012). Having an understanding of what a virtual team is, and its advantages and disadvantages are therefore important when working with CWCS.   Ebrahim, Ahmed & Taha (2009) argues that some of the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teams are: Advantages: - High flexibility when configuring the team. - Effective when making decisions - Facilitates knowledge capturing, and eases knowledge sharing. - Enables cross department and cross skilled workers to collaborate. Disadvantages: - May require complex and hard-to-use technological tools - Communication can break down, and often weaker trust between participants. - Often cultural and functionality diversity that can be challenging to sort out when not having face-to-face time.       There are several different types of virtual teams (Duarte and Snyder, 2006). Because of this the tools that can be used are also vastly different and should therefore support different functions depending on the team. References: Wikipedia. (2012, June 21). Virtual team. Retrieved Novemner 4, 2012, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_team Ebrahim, N. A., Ahmed, S

Tailorability in CSCW has to do with how users adapts a technology to their own particular situation. (MacKay, 1991). Tailorability requirements exists because of individual user differences and the fact that tools are used for a variety of collaborative tasks. (Kaplan et. Al, 1991). Software is defined as tailorable if it is possible to adapt it to the user by making changes to it. Usually the tailoring is aimed at improving the user-interface, information structure and functionality of the application (Wang & Haake, 2000).   Mørch (1997b) defines three levels of tailoring in CSCW-applications; customization, integration and extension. Customization involves selecting between pre-defined configuration options and requires a minimum of experience and knowledge to perform. Integration allows selecting and connecting components within or between applications. It might require some knowledge to implement successfully. Extension involves adding program code to the application and requires quite extensive knowledge and experience. Tailoring might in addition to these three involve collaborative tailoring, where the different users work together on modifying the application. (Teege, 1999). Given that users in groups are highly different, a tailorable technology/software will enable more users to use it, and be more efficient. One example of tailorability in CSCW-applications is Tviews, short for tailorable views. It is a customization tool focusing on the user-interface. It enables the user to drag and drop representations of application objects on the screen, aligning them in the way he or she finds most convenient. (Wasserschaft, 1997). References: MacKay, W.E. (1991). "Patterns of sharing customizable software". Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work. ACM Press New York, NY, USA. pp. 209–221.                                            Gunnar Teege(1991). ”Users as Composers: Parts and Features as a Basis for Tailorability in CSCW Systems.” Kaplan, S.M., A.M. Carroll and

The ability to be mobile is an important term when it comes to CSCW. Nowadays, people move around a lot of the time to attend meetings at different locations, get to and from work or to work at different locations. A worker who is used to work at several locations, in different settings and contexts, needs to be able to work efficiently, and therefore mobility is a useful and important aspect to consider when developing or choosing CSCW software. In order to achieve mobility, mobile computing is an important factor of the work setting. Mobile computing makes it possible to work anywhere and at any time, which is a positive effect, but unfortunately mobility may also lead to an unpredictable work space, as the device capabilities or network connections may be poor or insufficient at some times. Being able to work mobile might make it easier to finish work or answer work e-mail on the way to and from work, from home or on holiday. An example of a mobile workspace is this very app, which can be updated at any time and from anywhere where there is an internet connection. This makes it easier to use all the features of the app such as taking a picture or adding a voice which suits the entry. Literature: Farshchian, B. A. & Divitini, M. (2010)) "Collaboration Support for Mobile Users in Ubiquitous Environments". In Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments (AISE), (Eds, Hideyuki Nakashima, Juan Augusto & Hamid Aghajan): Springer.

Groupware, also known as collaborative software, are programs that are designed for people who are working together to achieve different goals and is an important element in CSCW [1,2]. There are often referred to two types of groupware, synchronous groupware and asynchronous groupware. Synchronous groupware is software that allows real-time collaboration, whereas asynchronous groupware doesn't allow this feature. Within synchronous software it is possible to differentiate between support for face-to-face, where the collaboration takes place in the same place and at the same time, and distributed synchronization, where the collaborators are at different places but present at the same time. The same differentiation is present in asynchronous groupware where it is possible to collaborate at the same place, but at different times, and the other possibility where both time and place is different leading to an asynchronous distributed collaboration environment [3]. Some examples of groupware are Microsoft NetMeeting, Microsoft Exchange and Lotus Notes. [1] http://searchdomino.techtarget.com/definition/groupware [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software [3] Ellis et al. [91]

The Norwegian alphabet differs from the English alphabet by adding the three vocals Æ, Ø and Å after the Z. The letters are also found in the danish alphabet. The letters are used in many common Norwegian words such as 'kjøkken'(kitchen), væske (liquid) and 'måke'(shovel, seagull). The letter Ø is commonly written as 'OE' in English, Æ as 'AE' and Å as 'AA'. Pronounciation: Ø: sounds like the 'i' in "bird" or 'u' in "hurt". Æ: sounds like 'a' in "cat". Å: sounds like 'a' in "all".

AtB is the bus company that operates the bus routes in Trondheim. If you don't have a car, and you don't want to use a bike or walk by foot, this is the company that saves you. A single bus ticket cost 40 NOK, and a day pass cost 100 NOK. A day pass can only be bought in the offices of AtB. It is also possible to use their popular t:kort to buy a number of days to travel, making the bustrip easier on faster. AtB is short for A to B (as they will drive you from point A to point B). The t is pronounced 'te', which is a local form of the word 'til'. Route tables and other information can be found at http://www.atb.no

A space for working is a prerequisite for working individually and cooperatively . Providing virtual spaces where people are able to work together independently from their location is one main aims for computer-supported cooperative work.A shared workspace should also support different aspects of sharing information and enable group members and manipulate artifacts related to their activities[1]. [1]Gutwin, C., & Greenberg, S. (2002). A descriptive framework of workspace awareness for real-time groupware. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 11(3), 411-446

Web conferencing make it possible to arrange and attend a conference, even though the partivipants is not at the same geographical place. Web conferencing means that the communication is sendt through the web. This can be telephone conferencing, only using sound or video conferencing where you also use cameras to make the communication more complete. There can also be two ore more participants. There is several advantages using this kind of conferencing. First, it makes it easier to work together in geographical diverse teams, because you can have meatings as often as required for your team to be efficient and effective without using time and money on traveling. You can also put together a team with the skills that you need without thinking about them beeing to far away. And second, it makes employees more flexible, which means that more tome can be used to work rather than traveling. Web conferencing, specially video conferencing is more and more popular, and is getting more and more advanced. Now you can buy whole video conferencing rooms, tailor made for the best, and most real face-to-face feeling. http://www.oslokongressenter. no/motelokaler/teknikk/videokonferanse/

Webinar is made out of the words Web and seminar. It is a way to have presentatoins for pepole on geographical diverse places. You van see what happens at the computer of the one holding the presentation, while you hear his/her voice explaining. To attend a webinar you need a computer and a phone. However, you do not se the presenter or the other participants, and they can not see you, meaning that you can wear whatever. In most cases you have to register in advance, and then sign in to a given url just before the seminar is about to start. The different webinar softwares offer different features. Some of the more common is that you can ask questions (e.g. via IM) to the presenter, and that the presenter can send out poll for the participants to answer. then the rest of the participants can see the results. Some also have an option for VoIP. Then you can use this instead of you phone to listen to the presentation. The avantages is the same as for web conferencing: First, it makes it easier to work together in geographical diverse teams, because you can have meatings as often as required for your team to be efficient and effective without using time and money on traveling. You can also put together a team with the skills that you need without thinking about them beeing to far away. And second, it makes employees more flexible, which means that more tome can be used to work rather than traveling. http://www.e-conomic.no/regnskapsprogram/ordliste/webinar http://www.cfids.org/webinar/what-is-a-webinar.asp

A shared space where collaborators can put and acquire information that should be available to distributed members of the same collaborative project or organization. In the traditional sense can be viewed as a database system that collaborators have access to. The definition of a shared information space can further be extended to also contain the agreed interpretation of the information shared and how to utilize the information. The physical entity of the shared information space often does not contain any information about utilization of the objects stored nor the context from which it was created, meaning that without shared interpretation the objects can be arbitrary for other collaborators within the same project. Problems such as unused objects or duplicate objects (not necessarily identical, but objects serving the same purpose) can occur in the event of poor meta-information about the shared physical space. Information sharing becomes constantly more important due to low margins in always more competitive markets. This makes (tailored) software for internal sharing of information a desirable service. There is also possible to add tools to analyse the information shared, tag, sort and cross reference it and so on. Source: Liam Bannon, Susanne Bødker (1997) - Constructing Common Information Spaces

Gløshaugen

A term referring to shared knowledge of the workspace and ongoing activities therein, between users of a CSCW tool. The type of information represented here is often not explicit, and a person does not necessarily have a conscious understanding of the actual knowledge. In the real world, the majority of information available is not consciously processed, yet one is aware of it to some degree. Awareness features in CSCW are intended to help users gain a better understanding of the situation through the same mechanisms. Different types of awareness include: Informal awareness - who is present and what are they doing Social awareness - information about another person gained when interacting with them, such as emotional state Structural awareness - how are people organized in the group To enhance awareness among users, it is helpful to provide audiovisual cues that provide information about the environment and other users. In systems with more traditional GUIs, widgets like miniature views and visualization of the other users' points of views and cursors can be helpful. Sources: www.nada.kth.se/kurser/kth/2D1416/old/1999/material/F8a.html Carl Gutwin, Mark Roseman and Saul Greenberg (1996) - A Usability Study of Awareness Widgets in a Shared Workspace Groupware System

A "stud.ass" is a student that is hierd by his or her university to help younger students to learn a subject he or she has already taken. It is also common for the stud.ass to review the student's excercises(øvinger, see the picture) during the semester. Would you like to work as a stud.ass? Follow the link to see which positions are avaliable.

Acronym for Computer Supported Cooperative Work, a term used to describe technologies that seek to promote human collaboration with the help of computer systems. Groupware is a type of CSCW. The term appeared in 1984 to describe a workshop at MIT, and has since become a widespread term. It is a multidisciplinary field, encompassing elements from AI, psychology, sociology, User Interface design and distributed systems, to name a few. CSCW aims to increase productivity in tasks that require teamwork by making better use of computers and associated technologies. As such, it is an important field of study in modern society. Sources: www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CSCW.html Kevin L. Mills (2003) - Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

A stud.ass is a student that is hired by his or her university to help younger students to help younger students to learn a subject he or she has already taken. It is aldo common for the stud.ass to review the students exercisrs(øvinger, see picture) during the semester. Do you want a job as s stud.ass? Follow the link to see what positions are avaliable.

A basic method of categorizing CSCW tools. It can be represented as a matrix which is divided into four cells, where different tools can be grouped. On one axis, the distinction is made between tools that are intended to be used by people in the same physical space(colocated) and tools that are to be used by people at different locations(remote). On the other axis, the distinction is made between tools where the collaborators should use it at the same time(synchronous), and tools that are intended to be used by people at different points in time(asynchronous). This method of categorizing tools is useful since the collaborative workflow is usually heavily influenced by whether the work is distributed across time or space. Source: Baecker, R.M.; Others, (1995). Readings in human-computer interaction: toward the year 2000. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

Under Dusken is a magazine created by and for the students in Trondheim. In the magazine you can read stories about what is going on in the city, especially things concerning students and things they are interested in. You can see a picture of one of the magazines below. In the sound clip you can hear one of the leading experts in norwegian language, Per Egil Hegge, give the magazine a good review. You can visit the online version by clicking the link.

A war room is a room that can be used for conferences and planning. Groups in war rooms exchange ideas and information in an active way by posting notes (such as to-do lists) on walls, using special equipment in the room, like charts, and having all the work available for everyone to see. This strengthens collaboration. Using a war room could double productivity. Since the work that is posted on walls is visible to everyone in the war room, coordination of work and people becomes easier, and there is constant awareness of the group's progress and of what everyone is doing. That way, if one group member is having problems, the others can help them out right away, or if two group members start discussing something, the others can join in to have a spontaneous group meeting. Radical collocation, which is to do all your work within your group in one room, is an effect of using war rooms, and makes communication between group members easier since they're all in the same place. This, and the added awareness, reduces the amount of time spent on "catch-up meetings" - meetings that are held to inform every group member of the latest news. Spending time together in a confined space can also help with team building.

Forgot to add source: "The impact of 3D virtual environments on communication patterns" Saleeb, N. / Looms, M. (2012)

Serious games involve all games that are not specifically designed with entertainment at heart (1). Mostly these involve academic endeavours and are primarily utilized in school situations with younger students, though many other applications exist. Many games, for example, are developed with corporate training situations in mind, as well as simulators for military training (one good example of this is Americas Army). Most of these, however, are still designed with the purpose of learning. This software may allow users to experience a tailored learning environment that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to create in the real world(1). Serious games involve all kinds of elearning and edutainment. Src> Serious Games: An Overivew (Susi, Johansson, Backlund 2007)

Roomware consists of computer-augmented room elements with integrated information and communication technology facilitating new forms of human-computer interaction. They are part of an approach that the ‘world around us’ is the interface to information and for the cooperation of people. The Roomware components were developed at GMD’s Integrated Publication and Information Systems Institute (IPSI) in Darmstadt. It can be supportive tool in the activities like brainstorming, project designing and discussion etc. Cooperation is supported in the context of social interaction and information sharing.

Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or videoteleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware. Videoconferencing differs from videophone calls in that it's designed to serve a conference or multiple locations rather than individuals. Main features that are supported by video conferencing are conversation that can be made by two or more people that are not in the same place and video that can be included in the call so that participants in the call can see each other. It is an intermediate form of videotelephony, first deployed commercially in the United States by AT&T Corporation during the early 1970s as part of their development of Picturephone technology. With the introduction of relatively low cost, high capacity broadband telecommunication services in the late 1990s, coupled with powerful computing processors and video compression techniques, videoconferencing usage has made significant inroads in business, education, medicine and media. Now days there are many defferent tools that suport videoconferencing and some of them are free. Videoconferencing has become very important part of cooperation between people now days. Its main advantages are that people do not need to travel to other places for the meeting; for that reason the meeting are cheaper; participants can see, hear and interact with each other as though meeting in the same room; video provides the picture body language and gestures can be visible if within video camera range; and it is easy to set up and use. But as all technologies videoconferencing has its disadvantages, some of them are: participants are less relaxed and spontaneous in front of a camera than face-to-face; body language is visible only when video camera captures every participant; eye-to-eye contact is simulated but ineffective; the Technol

CSCW is a generic term, which combines the understanding of the way people work in groups with the enabling technologies of computer networking, and associated hardware, software, services and techniques. It is a design-oriented academic field that brings together a lot of people from very different fields. CSCW goes beyond technology itself and focus more on the cooperation between within groups, and what impact technology have on how people work together. CSCW goes great together with groupware, wish is software that supports activities within groups. CSCW as well as groupware, or at least the two of them together makes cooperating with many people, especially in big groups, a lot easier. "To evaluate CSCW application will therefore require an approach based on social psychology and anthropology" ~ Jonathan Grudin

synchronized communication is when two og more people communicate in real time. When you must answer a question while you get it, you don't have the time to redo your answer, like a face-to-face conversation. Asynchronized communication is when you have long time committing your answer, like e-mails. There could be very helpful to use different virtual environment tools for both kinds of communication. To use such tools makes it possible to do communication without being on the same space (in the real world), which often makes it easier to arrange meetings. There are many tools for synchronized communications, examples are virtual academica and second life. We have used both these tools for lectures, and we have also used second life for giving a presentation for our class. This ment that we did not have to meet in a school classroom, but just meet up at a specified link on the internet. It was a totally new experience for us, but we found it quite enjoyable!

Literally meaning that there's a difference between dirt and pancake, it's a local expression stressing the difference between the rich and the not so well off. "Har du sætt den nye kjerra te han Sigmund? E itj akkurat en ferrari om æ kainn si det rætt ut." "Joda, men det e no forskjæll på skit å painnkak!"

Local expression indicating that things are getting better, with a slight nuance hinting of having gone through tough times recently. Made famous nationally as a trønder expression through the song with the expression as title by the local superstars DDE.

is the up-to-the-moment understanding of another persons interaction with the shared space. Some important elements when talking about workspace awareness: - presence: Who is participating in the activity? - location: Where are they working? - activity level: How active are they in the workspace? - actions: What are they doing? What are their current activities and tasks? - intentions: What will they do next? Where will they be? - changes: What changes are they making, and where? - objects: What objects are they using? - extents: What can they see? How far can they reach? - abilities: What can they do? - sphere of influence: Where can they make changes? - expectations: What do they need to do next? "Many of these elements fall into two rought groups: those that deal with what is happening with another person, and those that deal with where it is happening." ~ Gutwin and Greenberg Workspace awareness may be used for many different ways of collaboration. Here is a list of the most regular ones: - management of the degree to which people are working together. - simplifying the verbal communication and making it more efficient. - coordinate actions in collaborative activity. - make expectations of what is going vo be done by the partners. - assisting others to know he a partner needs help, and how. There are many different tools, and here follows an example of one.

fussy. fault-finding

tba

this is very good. short and to the point. perhaps you should drop the history part. this is not very relevant.

the text should be more structured. right now its a wall of text that makes it hard to read. very similar to the wikipedia article. try using your own words. filter out the important things so it can be made more compact.

the text should be more structured. right now its a wall of text that makes it hard to read. this text is also simply a copy paste from ercim.eu maybe you should explain it in your own words?

the text should be more structured. right now its a wall of text that makes it hard to read. maybe you should explain more about application areas and less technical details. nice job!

the text should be more structured. right now its a wall of text that makes it hard to read. you should mention that it can be used fir.other things than just programing. feks: text editing, hardware development and so on.... nice job!

in all collaborative projects using software, there is a need to control who has access to what. one thing can be keeping hackers out, but there may also be projects where there are different access levels. most file systems usually have sophisticated features to handle fine grained read/write access permissions.

a social network is a social structure made up of actors and the relationship between them. the social network is a online platform that makes it possible for actors to keep contact even when there are huge geographical distances. also its a easy way to share information between friends, such as pictures, movies and other personal opinions or links. there have been several attempts to standardise the social network platforms. these have been unsuccessful and one large platform called Facebook has become the norm.

agile development is describing processes that usually consists of continuous iterations and improvement. this is opposed to traditional methods, such as the waterfall method, were each stage is done and finished, and at last resulting in a finished product. in agile processes, one can say that a small waterfall process is repeated multiple times.

gmail is the reference e-mail client and service today. there are numerous plugins, including labeling, multiple inboxes (shown in image) and advanced capabilities for filtering and sending mail from aliases. email is generally an asynchronous communication tool. gmail is an invaluable tool for cooperative processes of almost any kind!

blog is an abbreviation of web log. it is used for many purposes, including cooking, fashion, travel and lifestyle. it can also be used as a collabararive tool, tracking progress and communication between team members

Feedback from Group 5: - The term is not completely explained; - Maybe some additional explaination can be added; - Add some reference of the scientific literature.

Feedback from Group 5: - Good explanation of the term. - Add some reference of the scientific literature.

feedback from group 5: try to add some reference to scientific literature, how CT can provide awareness or coordination and how can be used in a collaborative context. a picture could also be.useful

feedback from group 5: try to add some reference to scientific literature, how AR can provide awareness or coordination and how can be used in a collaborative context. a picture could also be.useful

Feedback from Group 5: - Backup your item with scientific literature - Add some exampel of groupware.

Traditional word for voluntary work. it is a common courtesy for Norwegians to engage in this type of work. some examples of dugnad would be cleaning the neighbourhood, helping at events and fighting zombies.

St. Olav's Festival From the end of July to the start of August every year, the city celebrates the St. Olav's Festival, Norway's largest church and cultural festival. The biggest festival in Trondheim was 29 July – St. Olav’s Day. The night before 29 July, St. Olav’s vigil, was therefore important.

Ringve Museum is Norway's national museum of music and musical instruments. Ringve Museum houses two permanent exhibition

Bunad is a common term for traditional norwegian clothing. There are many different ones from different parts of the country.

CPR - emergency procedure.

Norwegian celebration of graduating high school. The celebration lasts from 1st of may until 17 of may and is usually combined with a lot of partying and doing crazy challanges.

The process of being enrolled. All new students at NTNU go through this ceremony.

A radio tower located in the Tyholt area in Trondheim. It also has a rotating restaurant which gives a complete overview of the city.

a function not supported by LingoBee.

"An interactive whiteboard (IWB), is a large interactive display that connects to a computer and projector. A projector projects the computer's desktop onto the board's surface where users control the computer using a pen, finger, stylus, or other device. The board is typically mounted to a wall or floor stand." - Wikipedia They are used in a variety of settings, including classrooms at all levels of education, in corporate board rooms and work groups, in training rooms for professional sports coaching, in broadcasting studios and others. An interactive whiteboard (IWB) device is connected to a computer via USB or a serial port cable, or else wirelessly via Bluetooth or a 2.4 GHz wireless. A device driver is usually installed on the computer. When you connect your interactive whiteboard to a computer, the computer runs an application, and then sends the image to your projector. Your projector casts the image onto your interactive whiteboard. Your interactive whiteboard acts as your computer’s monitor and its input devices enable you to control any application by touching the interactive surface. It enables you to do everything that you can do at your computer : open and close applications, scroll through files, hold meetings with others, create new documents or edit existing ones, visit websites, play video clips and more—by touching the interactive surface with your finger or the included pen. The user then calibrates the whiteboard image using a pointer as necessary. After this, the pointer or other device may be used to activate programs, buttons and menus from the whiteboard itself, just as one would ordinarily do with a mouse. If text input is required, user can invoke an on-screen keyboard or, if the whiteboard provides for this, utilize handwriting recognition. This makes it unnecessary to go to the computer keyboard to enter text. Thus, an IWB emulates both mouse and keyboard. The user can conduct a presentation or a class almost exclusively from the whiteboard. You can capture and save everyt

in case of fire this fire hose can be pulled out of the wall. brannslange is the norwegian word for fire hose.

this is a norwegian birthday crown. the birthday boy/girl should wear this all day to show other his/her new age.

There are several different words for "brunost'. Many Norwegians call it Geitost. In addition, similar goat cheese that fall into the same category is "fløtemysost" and "millomost". They have almost the same packaging and are just other types of brunost than the traditional brunost, or geitost.

AtB also has a mobile application where you can buy a ticket using your phone, either by charging it to your phone bill or by using your credit card. This makes taking the bus even more flexible, as you don't have to buy your ticket in advance.

add later.

The presentations are normally arranged by student organisations. Dinner after presentations are sometimes held on campus, and sometimes at restaurants etc.

The lusekofte can be dated back to 19th century. A lusekofte is formally called a Setesdal sweater.

The taste is quite sweet and foreigners usually do not appreciate the taste. It is originally from Gudbrandsdalen.

IAESTE (The International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience) is an international organization offering technology students a chance to get technical work experience abroad. The students usually work for a period ranging from 4 to 18 weeks. The NTNU-committee  has 35 active members offering you a wide range of  international work opportunities. You may contact them at trondheim@iaeste.no. 

In norwegian dialects, alternative twists on the word snø are common, such as sne, sny and snog.

The date is chosen to be the national day of Norway because norwegian pioneers signed the norwegian constitution on 17th of may 1814.

Students and pupils also put browncheese on an open face sandwich, and bring it to school or uni for lunch.

Students at NTNU can get some fresh brewed coffee at Café SITO at Stripa

The kiosks on campus even have their own coffee deals.

UKA is Norway's biggest festival, and it is arranged by students every second fall. UKA consists of concerts, theater, courses and more. Some artists that has visited UKA is Jay-Z, David Guetta and Muse. UKA will be arranged in October 2013.

Groupware (also referred to as collaborative software) is a common designation for computer software tools designed to help a team achieve their goals. Common functionality includes smart ways of sharing documents and rich media, as well as project management functionality. Groupware is characterized by its socio-technical dimension.  

KarriereDagen is a yearly event where students have the oppurtunity to meet norwegian companies. It is hosted in a large tent outside the main building at NTNU every september, and in 2012 as much as 88 companies were represented. A summer internship-presentation is given, where the companies have 3 minutes each to present their job offerings for the following summer.

Gløs is short for NTNU Gløshaugen which is one of NTNU's campusses. Gløs is locatet not to far from the city. This campus is where most students that study science and engineering go.

Abbreviated as AR, Augmented Reality is a type of virtual reality that aims to duplicate the world's environment in a computer. An augmented reality system generates a composite view for the user that is the combination of the real scene viewed by the user and a virtual scene generated by the computer that augments the scene with additional information. It is a live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality, in which a view of reality is modified (possibly even diminished rather than augmented) by a computer. As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality. By contrast, virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one.

Communication threading, or conversation threading is a feature used by many email clients, internet forums, debate areas in online newspapers where the technology helps the user make sense of the post by visually grouping related messages. The posts are sorted so that the reply-posts are placed close to the original post. One of the advantages of threaded discussions is that they easily show the structure of the discussion, mainly who is replying to what. A disadvantage is that  threaded discussions tend to become more confrontational, since one replies more directly to another person instead of to a topic as a whole.

A virtual team is a group of individual people that works together across time, space and organizational boundaries. The group is tied together and can collaborate through information and telecommunication technologies. Example of tools are vAcademia and SecondLife. There are three main aspects of virtual teams, purpose, people and link. Purpose is the most important aspect since it is what hold the team together. 

Revision control systems (AKA version control systems) are tools for the management of changes to documents, computer programs, web sites, and other collections of digital informations. This tools allows groups of people work together on the same documents because they keep track of the changings creating different versions, managing conflicts and helping workers in other advanced ways. Two famous VCS are Git and Subversion[1]. They both help software developers to maintain the progression of the coding, easily divide the work among people and working from different locations. Those tools provides also a secure backup as the data are usually stored in a central server accessed by multiple clients. Thus, the developers can focus on the coding without worry about data loss or corruption. Those systems could work in different ways. Basically, the files are stored in a shared repository. The simplest method of preventing concurrent access problems involves locking files so that only one developer at a time has write access to the central repository copies of those files. Another option could be the version merging. Most version control systems allow multiple developers to edit the same file at the same time. Merging two files can be a very delicate operation, and usually possible only if the data structure is simple, as in text files. The emerging trend of these years about VCS, concerns the Distributed VCS as for example Git. Those tools takes a peer-to-peer approach to version control, as opposed to the client-server approach of centralized systems and they allows faster operations. [1] Nayan B. Ruparelia. 2010. The history of version control. SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 35, 1 (January 2010), 5-9. DOI=10.1145/1668862.1668876 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1668862.1668876

Sociotechnical is the interrelated social and technical acpects of an organization or society as a whole. Hence, the theory behind it is about joint optimization, having a shared focus on achievement of both excellence in technical performance and quality of work life. This can be acheived through a number of different ways. Usually, it is by designing types of organizations that emphasis on the relationship between social and technical elements which makes it easier to be productive and joyful.

This is the central building on campus, and it is named after a "landing strip" and ends up in the "hangar".

This is an event where a company comes to campus to have a presentation about their business to recruit students. The presentation is followed by a dinner sponsored by the company.

Under Dusken is a magazine created by and for the students in Trondheim. In the magazine you can read stories about what is going on in the city, especially things concerning students and things they are interested in.

A traditional norwegian jumper that has recently come back into fashion. nice and warm. made of wool.

The norwegian independance day. we are all happy, and carry flags. lots of people walking in parade.

snø is the norwegian word for snow. it contains the special scandinavian letter ø! it is pronounced like the u in the english word hut.

kaffe is the norwegian word for coffee. NTNU students drink a lot of coffee!

The home ground of the Tippeligaen side Rosenborg BK is Lerkendal Stadion. It has a capacity for 21.116 spectators, making it the second-largest football stadium in the country.

The record attendance of Lerkendal is 28569, dating from the decisive league match between Rosenborg and Lillestrøm in 1985. However this was before the stadium became an all-seater in 2001.

Groupware goes hand in hand with CSCW. The term refers to software that is designed to support activities of a group or organization over a network and includes email, conferencing tools, group calendars, workflow management tools, etc.[1] While groupware enables geographically dispersed teams to achieve organizational goals and engage in cooperative work, there are also many challenges that accompany use of such systems. For instance, groupware often requires users to learn a new system, which users may perceive as creating more work for them without much benefit. If team members are not willing to learn and adopt groupware, it is difficult (if not impossible) for the organization to develop the requisite critical mass for the groupware to be useful. Further, research has found that groupware requires careful implementation into a group setting, and product developers have not as yet been able to find the most optimal way to do introduce such systems into organizational environments.[1] On the technical side, networking issues with groupware often create challenges in using groupware for CSCW. While access to the Internet is becoming increasingly ubiquitous, geographically dispersed users still face challenges of differing network conditions. For instance, web conferencing can be quite challenging if some members have a very slow connection and others are able to utilize high speed connections.[1] [1] Olson, J.M.; Olson, J.S. (2008). "The human computer interaction handbook: Fundamentals, evolving technologies, and emerging applications". Group Cooperative Work (New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates)

Moholt studentby is located on two streets: Moholt Alle and Herman Krags veg. In both streets there is laundary.Moholt Alle has a small gim.

Nidaros Cathedral (Norwegian: Nidarosdomen / Nidaros Domkirke) is a Church of Norway cathedral located in the city of Trondheim in Sor-Trondelag county, Norway. It is the traditional location for the consecration of the King of Norway. King Harald was consecrated at Nidaros Cathedral on June 23, 1991. It was the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros from its establishment in 1152 until its abolition in 1537. Since the Reformation, it has been the cathedral of the Lutheran bishops of Trondheim (or Nidaros) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The architectural style of the cathedral is Romanesque and Gothic. Historically it was an important destination for pilgrims coming from all of Northern Europe. It is the northernmost medieval cathedral in the world.

In the Trondheimsfjord, just a little over a kilometer off the shore of the center of Trondheim, lies the small island of Munkholmen. In ancient times, early residers of the area used the island as an execution site. Around the beginning of the 12th century a monastery was erected, becoming the home of Benedictine monks. In the 17th century it was transformed into a fort, which also served as a prison. The Germans fitted an anti-aircraft gun on the island during the second world war. Today Munkholmen is a popular summertime tourist attraction and recreational area, and a ferry takes passengers there from Ravnkloa.

Due to recent technology advancements, collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) where users can interact and collaborate via avatars in 3D worlds have become more and more common in home and professional usage. Character digital representations of the users are normally called avatars. In most cases, these avatars are a human like figure. Customizable human avatars are available in almost all CVEs. Research indicates that users who customize their avatar build a stronger relationship with it, which then results in an increased private self-awareness [Vasalou et al., 2007] Avatars do not present the same amount of awareness clues than a real person, but they do often offer some common human gestures.

Moholt is the largest of the student villages in Trondheim. There are several different housing units here, so you should be able to find something that suits you. We have single rooms, apartments for couples without children and apartments for families with children. The student village is known for its thriving, international community. Here students from all over the world have access to 19 student basements, frequently used for social happenings.

You can buy t:kort at AtB offices. They are located at Kongens gate 34 and at Trondheim sentralstasjon (train station).

Chess Communication is a Norwegian mobile network operator owned by TeliaSonera and service of its sister company NetCom GSM networks.Chess has about 500,000 customers. 11. November 2011. This is operator that has cheapest services in norway. Every student has chess card in trondheim so its is best way to communicate with others for low costs. Every year student organizations sell chess cards with 50% discounts. Chess also has promotions that allows students to send free sms to their home country. For this reasons chess is most popular provider along students in norway.

Å is the last letter of the Norwegian alphabet. There is a place named Å in Lofoten. It is named Å because it's located on the last island and there is a legend which says it's the end of the world. So that means that Å is the end of the alphabet and the end of the world.

Candyking offers only the best sweet treats. The basic idea is for the consumer to put together their own candy bag or cup according to need, taste and occasion. The assortment is of the highest quality and contains specially selected favourites from the best suppliers. Candyking is a strong brand with an attractive assortment and a great range of packages, so we can offer grocery retailers, cinemas, high street stores, amusement parks and service stations a package solution with marketing activities, displays, service and sales support.

"Sykkel oblat" means bike sticker. It is a small sticker that is used to label your bike. If you live in Moholt, or any other student village, and you cherish your bike, you will need this sticker. Every semester there is a bike removal action, executed by Sit bolig. That means that all the bikes that are not labeled with "sykkel oblat" will be removed. Bikes that are in bad condition will be disposed, and all tje bikes that are usable will be sold on auction. You can obtain bike sticker in Sit bolig's buildings.

This application is available for iPhone and Android users. There is also a web application which can be accessed from any browser.

This is Technology library situated in Main Administration Building. There you can find the largest collection of technical literature in Norway, as well as comprehensive collections within other subject areas. In addition to traditional academic library services, the library also offers working areas and facilities for web-searching, group rooms, reading rooms and skilled and friendly staff. If the book you want is already loaned, the library staff will help you find the book in some other library and order it for you.

This is a Norwegian cheese with characteristic brown colour and taste. It is made from a mixture of cow and goat's milk, cream and whey. Usually, it is served with bread for breakfast.

"Pose" means bag. Every time you go to the market you will hear that word. When you get to the cash register, after the cashier has checked in all your items, he or she will ask you "Pose?". You don't have to ask for translation, cashier is just wondering whether you want a plastic bag to put your stuff in. Bags usually cost about 2 kroner.

Rosenborg BK (RBK) is Trondheim's soccer team in the Norwegian division system. They have won the league 22 times, a Norwegian record by far. They have also participated in Champions League a number of times, beating teams like AC Milan and Real Madrid. RBK play their games at Lerkendal

This is the Home stadium of Trondheim's largest soccer team, Rosenborg BK. it can hold over 21.000 people during a game

Portalen is a small center near the Solsiden area in Trondheim. The center has one of the largest REMA1000 stores in Trondheim. But for students it is mostly known for its training fasilities, housing both SiT Portalen and 3T Solsiden. Both offer training sessions, spinning, aerobic, weights and more. Portalen can be found at Dyre Halses Gate 1, 7042 Trondheim.

If you are New to Gløshaugen campus, How do you find F214?? Its near impossible? No! CampusGuiden is an indoor navigation tool. You can navigate around campus and it shows your location at a map, just like navigation with GPS.

All students accepted at NTNU, can apply for student housing. SIT has several student villages to propose : Moholt is a good place to stay when you are just arriving in Trondheim. The community is youthful and international, and the prices are low! SiT has 330 family apartments. If you have children, you can apply for Moholt or Steinan. Steinan has a nice mix of new and more experienced students. If you wish to live centrally situated, perhaps Klostergata, Sverresgate or Magnus den Godesgate will be right for you. Karinelund and Frode Rinnansvei is located between Gløshaugen and Dragvoll. There are single rooms in a garden-like environment.

NTNU has several campuses. So you can find: Gløshaugen — the main science and technology campus Dragvoll — the main humanities campus Lerkendal/Valgrinda — a shared campus with SINTEF Tyholt — home to the marine technology programme Kalvskinnet — home to NTNU's Natural History museum Øya — the hospital campus Olavskvartalet — music at Olavshallen, arts and architecture across the river Other research stations — Ringve botanical garden in Lade, and farther afield

The currency of Norway is Krone - NOK. The plural form is kroner. One krone (1.00 NOK/1.00 kr.) is 100 øre (singular and plural are the same). In the past, Norway had smaller denominations of banknotes (paper money), such as - 1 kr. (en krone), 5 kr.(fem kroner), 10 kr. (ti kroner) and 20 kr. (tjue kroner). These bills are now out of circulation - and have been replaced with coins. The paper bill denominations in use in Norway today are: 50.00 NOK, 100.00 NOK, 200.00 NOK, 500.00 NOK and 1,000.00 NOK.  Need some help ? 1 Norwegian krone = 0.13Euros 1 Norwegian krone = 0.11British pounds 1 Norwegian krone = 0.17 U.S. dollars 1 Norwegian krone = 13.86 Japanese yen 1 Norwegian krone = 1.08 Chinese yuan

Sodd is a traditional Norwegian souplike dish. Especially common to the middle parts of the country, it is often eaten during festive occasions such as weddings and baptisms. The ingredients may vary some depending on where it is made, but usually will include cut potatoes and carrots, meatballs and small pieces of meat from cow and lamb, all put together in a broth.

Bakklandet is a cozy old neighborhood in Trondheim where students, tourists and locals stroll through to watch the beautiful wooden houses lined up along the river, Nidelven,  or  enjoy a cup of coffee in many of the cafes and restaurants there.  It's in close proximity to Solsiden and a five minute walk from the city center. In the weekdays people pass through to get to where they need to be, and in the weekends the streets are buzzing with people enjoying their free time.  This is the perfect place to go for a cup of coffee at Choco Boco or stop for a beer on your way home at Den Gode Nabo (The Good Neighbor), with possibilities for enjoying the beer right down on the river during the summer.  Or you can stop for dinner at the more expensive restaurants, enjoying sushi at Bryggen Asian Cooking or tapas at Sabor Tapas and Grill.   Bakklandet also has 7-eleven and Mix, in addition to hairdressers and small galleries.   Another local tip perfect for students is the pub called Antikvariatet, which has live music and both indoor and outdoor seating.  Here students come to enjoy a beer or two during the evenings, both weekdays and weekends.  For a lazy Sunday the charming café enjoyed by many locals called Annas Kafé is perfect- encouraging their customers to come there and work on their creative work. They say you can use their walls as your workplace. Definitely something to try out. Whether you are looking for a good cup of coffee, a lovely dinner or an evening beer, Bakklandet has it, all with a charming and historical atmosphere.   

If you want to furnish your accommodation or to buy dishes or any materiel for the house, the bedroom, the cooking or anything, you should go to IKEA. IKEA will every time provide what you're looking for and you will never find cheapest than IKEA. So go to IKEA ! You can go to IKEA with the bus 7 from downtown to Travbanen.

The local bus service for greater Trondheim is currently being run by ATB. From downtown, the main bus to Gløshaugen, the science and engineering campus, is Bus 5, which then continues on to Dragvoll, which is where the Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences and Technology Management are located. To go to Dragvoll you can also take Bus 9 from downtown. These are the two main buses serving the campuses and they run quite frequently, every 10 to 15 minutes depending on the time of day. A bus ticket costs NOK 30 so you should consider purchasing a t:kort, which is an electronic smart card that gives you discounts on different fares because you pay in advance.

It's learning is a digital learning platform which allows students and teachers of the NTNU to communicate regardless of time or place. Thanks to it's learning teachers can make educational materials such as PowerPoint presentations, mp3 files, videos, documents and pictures available to students. So on it's learning you have access to all your lectures, assignments, documents, etc.... and you can also create your own project areas where you can work with students from other subjects and programmes. All students and instructors at NTNU have access to it's learning. You can log on to it's learning via NTNUs Norwegian intranett main page, Innsida.

NTNUI is the Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitets idrettsforening. It's the student sports association at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. With more than 12 000 members and over 50 different activities, NTNUI is the largest sports association in Norway. You have to be a member of NTNUI to use the facilities and access the group activities. Membership costs NOK 1050 per year and NOK 600 per semester. You can buy your membership at the reception at either of our sports centres: Idrettsbygg Gløshaugen or Dragvoll Idrettsenter. With NTNUI you can do cabin trip and a lot of sports like soccer, football, basketball, volley ball.....and even underwater rugby !!

A stupid or clueless person

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NTNU has 5 computer labs in Gløsaugen campus and 9 in Dragvoll campus. in these rooms is possible to use your own laptop, the desktop computers provided and the printers. for printing they students don't need to install a single printer but just use the common printer host which works like a global printings collector and that is accessible via web using eduroam or ntnu networks. once in the lab, the student can see on the printer monitor which papers are in his pending list and print that papers for free just using his own student card. Every room can be accessed also during the weekend just using your own personal NTNU student card for entering the building. More information and troubleshooting can be found on the weblink below.

The lecture rooms of NTNU have many reading places that can be used by anyone who needs to study. The list of all rooms can be found following the related link in this page. In addition there are lecture rooms in every library of the university. Every room can be accessed also during the weekend just using your own personal NTNU student card for entering the building. The leseplasser can be identified looking are the small blue squared sign with two people reading, as shown in the picture. Each location is very spacious and provides two socket, a desk lamp and an ethernet (lan) port. Furthermore into this rooms is possible to connect to the WiFi networks eduroam and ntnu.

Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, aka the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The second largest university in Norway, located in Trondheim. It has the main national responsibility for higher education in engineering and technological studies.

Student discount. A price reduction given to students, as part of a marketing strategy. The idea is to attract young customers, who often do not have a lot of money, in order to build brand awareness or product familiarity as early as possible. The same term may also be used for discounts in public transportation services, mandated by the government.

see picture

mobile app

a person of a dependable nature . a verb which means to destabilize. Gibraltar. bad for teeth

see link

conditional phrase for a retail situation where a purchase is rewarded with a duplicate item at no extra cost

at a conference

Zombie walk in Brighton

achievement

The Mummitroll intro song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUhUkHHzmbQ

Although Samfundet is mostly known for its social party scene, it also offers a wide range of political discussions, lectures, debates and sports spectating events.

A point of lighthearted pride for any Norwegian is the invention of the stylized Norwegian cheese slicer. Invented by master carpenter Thor Bjoerklund in Lillehammer in 1925, the device features a simplistic yet efficient design for not only slicing the cheese but also seperating the slice from the block, making it easy to handle. The company which originated this design is now bankrupt.

Vigelandsparken is the worlds largest sculpture park created by a single artist and is located in the western part of Oslo. The sculptures represent the many phases and emotions involved in the entirety of a human life, and the two most famous sculptures are called "The Monolith" and "The Wheel of Life". It is one of Norways largest tourist attractions.

it is rhubarb and custard flavour. btw

here's the lingobee type ! delegate task -find other meanings or links to rock in popular culture

children's entertainer in the news for alleged abuse

tv series from US about a marine -turned -terrorist also name of US border police (see link )

here's a clip from series 2 warning: contains strong language

Cost of badger cull may force U-turn Badger populations in Gloucestershire and Somerset far higher than initial estimates, meaning cull may prove too expensive Badgers in the UK will soon be retreating to their setts as winter approaches. Photograph: Christopher Mills/Alamy Damian Carrington guardian.co.uk, Thu 18 Oct 2012 15.43 BST Related Environment Badgers Wildlife In Top stories Next Google shares suspended after accidental email wipes $22bn off value Sponsored features Win a Cuisinart soupmaker! Plus: exclusive recipes from MasterChef 2012 winner Shelina Permalloo Discover new music and watch great videos of your favourite Bands in Transit artists Mobile site | Desktop site Text size A A A Help Contact us Terms & conditions Privacy policy © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. Ministers are facing the prospect of having to abandon the controversial cull of badgers in England, for this year at least, due to fast-rising costs, the Guardian has learned. The cull, aimed at curbing the rising infections of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle, is running out of time to begin before winter weather means the badgers lie low in their setts. The environment secretary, Owen Paterson, and farming minister David Heath cancelled a series of interviews on Thursday, but department officials said there was no U-turn: "There is no change to the badger cull policy. We want the cull to happen as soon as possible." The Guardian can reveal that the estimated number of badgers in the pilot cull areas in Gloucestershire and Somerset have turned out to be far higher than the figures used to estimate the initial cost. Farmers must commit to killing at least 70% of the badgers in the cull zone, or fleeing badgerswill spread TB further. But the Guardiancan also reveal that each culled badger carries a bounty on its head, which means that having to kill more badgers means costs must rise. In a parliamentary answer on Wednesday, Heath told shadow environment secretary, Mary

another good image http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19760006

see link and photo which is from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19760006 text GA Z INE 18 October 2012 Last updated at 10:41 The rise of passive-aggressive wi-fi names Some wireless internet users have been setting their network names to send snide messages to their neighbours. Why? Predominantly, it's about noise. And sex. Well, noisy sex. That, and "stealing" broadband. Wireless internet users are typically asked to assign names to their networks when installing new routers. These names can be seen by anybody within range who searches for networks. Many stick to mundane options like "Home" or "Wireless01". The more adventurous may even use their surname or address. But this is an era of bite-sized self-expression. It's possible to see names like "Drop it like it's hotspot", "Terror network", and "Virus Detected Shutting Down". Or witticisms like "Pretty fly for a Wi-Fi" and "Wi Believe I Can Fi". Users of social network Reddit have gathered together examples that are less about the humour and more about sending a message to a neighbour. Anybody who has house- or flat-shared has dealt with Post-it notes left on fridges. "Please throw away the box after eating my food" or "The dishwasher is the white thing with buttons" are typical. People are apparently doing the same with network names. "Stop Stealing My Paper!" begins one exchange, to which the reply taunts: "FYI, I Don't Read It I Just Throw It Away!" "You're music is annoying!" is followed by "Your grammar is more annoying!" "Meat is Murder" alongside "Meat is delicious!!!" is another antagonistic exchange uploaded to image-hosting site Flickr. Pet misbehaviour is addressed, with examples like "Shut The Barking Dog Up No 7". Another expletive-laden name demands neighbours stop letting the cat use their lawn as a toilet. Noisy neighbours seem to be the principal source of complaint. Examples provided by OpenSignalMaps, a company maintaining a wide database of wi-fi network names, include: "Stop slamming the door!!!" "Stop wearing heel

friend for life .- often means lover, as in this advert. here it is the name of a lonely hearts column

here's a link to Danny ceremony below

book with hard cover. usually published this way before cheaper 'paperback' comes out

wealthier. this is a clearer image. see also Danny .Boyle opening Olympic ceremony

wealthier ad from observer sunday 14.10.12

'is a game in which education (in its various forms) is the primary goal, rather than the entertainment' by Michael and Chen 2005

is a oval hamburger meat with salt and pepper. Best eatten with fried onions in bread.

is a cabin / cottage usually far out in the wilderness. You hike there and enjoy the beautiful nature of norway.

Lille My is a character in the Moomin series of books by Tove Jansson. She is small and determined and when she wants something done, she does it right away. She is very aggressive, mischievous and totally disrespectful, but can be a good friend when she wants. She has a feisty personality. She is adopted by the Moomin family, but prefers to sleep outdoors.

is a road tunnel at 24 509 m going between Aurland and Lærdal. It is part of the European rout 16 (Norway) between Oslo and Bergen, and is the world's longest road tunnel.

Studentsamskipnaden I Trondheim. An organization largely run by students, providing various services to students, from shops/cafés on campus, to help with health issues, sports activities and more. They collect the semester fee that you pay at the start of each semester.

or Studentersamfundet. This is the red, round building at the end of the Elgseter bridge, just below gløshaugen campus. Here there's something for everyone. You can go to conserts, chill out with a beer, play games, dance until late at night, and so much more. If you buy a membership the tickets, and the drinks, are cheaper :) check them out on the internet for program and news!

In Norway you can't by alcoholic bevrages stronger than 4,7% in the supermarked. You have to go to "Vinmlnopolet" to get strong beer, wine, spirit etc. The opening hours is a bit short, but you find them on www.vinmonopolet.no

Artwork for an LP.

sign fot ladies" toilet

miracle paving stone in Vilnius